How it develops
When energy intake falls short of demand, the cow draws on body fat. Excess fat reaching the liver can impair its function, while ketone production rises, seen as ketosis.
Signs and risk factors
Reduced appetite, drop in milk yield and dullness can be early indicators. Over-conditioned cows at calving and abrupt feed changes increase the risk.
Supporting metabolic health
Management centres on transition-period nutrition, appetite and liver support under veterinary guidance, helping the cow through the highest-demand weeks.

